The reciprocating pump relies on the reciprocating motion of the piston, plunger or diaphragm in the pump cylinder to alternately increase and decrease the working volume in the cylinder to transport liquid or pressurize it.
The reciprocating pump is divided into three types: piston pump, plunger pump and diaphragm pump according to different reciprocating components.
The main features of the reciprocating pump are:
①High efficiency and wide high-efficiency area.
②It can reach very high pressure, and the pressure change hardly affects the flow, so it can provide a constant flow.
③ With self-priming ability, it can transport liquid and gas mixtures, and specially designed ones can also transport mud, concrete, etc.
④ The flow and pressure have large pulsation, especially for single-acting pumps, due to the acceleration of the piston movement and the discontinuity of liquid discharge, the pulsation is larger.
It is usually necessary to set up an air chamber on the discharge line (and sometimes on the suction line) to make the flow more uniform.
The use of double-acting and multi-cylinder pumps can also significantly improve flow inhomogeneity.
⑤ The speed is low, the size is large, and the structure is more complicated than that of the centrifugal pump. It needs a special pump valve, and the manufacturing cost and installation cost are high.
The piston pump is mainly used for water supply, and the manual piston pump is a widely used domestic water pump.
The plunger pump is used to provide high-pressure liquid source, such as the high-pressure water supply of the hydraulic press, and both it and the piston pump can be used as the drilling mud pump and oil pump in the oil field.
Diaphragm pumps are especially suitable for conveying highly toxic, radioactive, corrosive liquids, precious liquids and liquids containing abrasive solids.
Diaphragm and plunger pumps can also be used as metering pumps.